dher-1, dherǝ-

    dher-1, dherǝ-

    English meaning: a kind of deposit or dreg

    Deutsche Übersetzung: in kons. extensions “trũber Bodensatz einer Flũssigkeit, also allgemeiner von Schmutz, Widerlichkeit, von quatschigem weather, von trũben Farbentönen etc; verbal: Bodensatz and Schlamm aufrũhren, trũben”

    Note: Originally with dher-5 “ ordure, defecate”?

    Material: a. dhere-gh-: Gk. θρά̄σσω, Att. θρά̄ττω (perf. Hom. τέτρηχα intr.) “bewilder, perturb “, ταραχή “perplexity”, ταράσσω, Att. -ττω “bewilder” (*dherǝgh-i̯ō : Lith. dìrgti see under); τρᾱχύς, Ion.τρηχύς “rough, uneven” (probably originally from dirt crusts; -ρᾱ- here from sog. r̥̄, i.e.*dherǝghú -s); τάρχη τάραξις Hes. (vowel gradation as σπαργή: Lith. sprógti);

    Note: common lat d- > f- shift: Lat. fracēs f. “ (broken bits, fragments; hence) grounds or dregs of oil “, fracēre “ be rancid “ from *dhrǝgh-; c is covered probably from faēcēs, floccēs, there *dherk- otherwise is testified only in Baltic; in the meaning “ lees, dregs, yeast”: Alb. drü f., Gheg drâ-ni “ residuum of oil, from abundant butter; tartar “ (basic form *draë from *dragü, *dhrǝghü); O.N. dregg f., pl. dreggiar “yeast” (out of it Eng. dregs); O.Lith. dragės (*dhrǝghi̯ üs) pl., O.Pruss. dragios pl. “yeast”, Ltv. (Endzelin KZ. 44, 65) dradži “ residuum from boiled fat”; Slav. *droska from *dhrǝgh-skü in mBulg. droštija pl.n. “yeast”, Clr. dríšči ds., otherwise assimilated to *troska (Sloven. trǫ̂ska “ residuum, yeast”) and mostly *drozga (O.C.S. droždьję pl. f. “τρυγία, yeast” etc; s. Berneker 228); here also gallorom. *drasica “ dry malt “ (M.-L. 2767), this anyhow from older *drascü (= Slav. *droskü) or *drazgü (== Slav. *drozgü) transfigured sein wird; with st-formants: O.H.G. (*trast, pl.:) trestir “ what is left of squeezed fruit, dregs, pomace “, O.E. dærst(e), dræst f. “ dregs, yeast” (Gmc. *ðraχsta-, Sverdrup IF. 35, 154), drōs ds.; with sn-formants: O.E. drōsne f., drōsna m. “yeast, smut”, O.H.G. druosana, truosana “yeast, residuum “; here probably Lith. dérgia (dérgti) “ it is bad weather “, dárgana, dárga “ weather, bad weather “ (glottal stop, compare die Gk. root forms and Lith. dre ́gnas, drėgnùs “humid, wet”); in addition aRuss. padoroga probably “ thunder-storm “, Sloven. sǫ́-draga, -drag, - drga “ hail with small grain size; frozen snow lumps, graupel “; Lith. dargùs “ nasty, dirty, filthy”; O.Lith. dérgesis “filthy person”, O.Lith. dergėti “hate”, Ltv. der̂dzêtiês “quarrel, squabble” (Mũhlenbach-Endzelin I 456 m. Lith.), O.Pruss. dergē “to hate”; Lith. dérgti “ become dirty, get dirty “, dar̃gti “ revile “, dárga f. “ rainy weather, defilement, contamination, vituperation “; b. dherg- in: M.Ir. derg “red”; M.H.G. terken “ befoul “, O.H.G. tarchannen, terchinen “(darken) conceal, hide “, M.L.G. dork “ keel of water depth “, O.E. deorc “ swart “, Eng. dark; O.E. Þeorcung “dawn, twilight” probably with ð after ðēostor “dark”, geðuxod “dark”. Maybe Alb. darkë “evening, evening meal, supper”, drekë (*derk-) “dinner, midday”. c. dherk- in: Lith. der̃kti “ nasty make, befoul “, darkūti “vilify, inveigh, deform”, darkùs “ nasty “, O.Pruss. erdērkts “poisoned”, Ltv. dǜ rks, dǜ rci (*darkis) “pinto” Mũhlenbach- Endzelin I 448 (see the kinship by Leskien abl. 361); or to M.H.G. zurch “ordure”, zũrchen “defecate”? Zupitza Gutt. 170 under accentuation of intonation difference of der̃kti compared with dérgesis etc; here probably Toch. AB tärkär “cloud” (Frisk Indog. 24); WP. I 854 ff. d. dherǝbh- : dhrübh- : dhrǝbh-. Doubtful Av. δriwi- (*dhrǝbhi-) ‘stain, birthmark “; M.Ir. drab “ grape marc, yeast” (*dhrǝbho-), drabar-ṡluüg “ base, vulgar people”; O.Ice. draf, Eng. draff “ berm, yeast”, M.L.G. draf, O.H.G. trebir pl. “ grape marc “, O.N. drafli m. “fresh cheese”, drafna “to disband “, Nor. drevja “ soft mass “; geminated nl. drabbe “ berm, residuum “, N.Ger. drabbe ‘slime, mud”; Swe. drōv n. “ residuum “ (*dhrübho-), O.E. drōf, O.H.G. truobi “cloudy”, Goth. drōbjan, O.H.G. truoben “ tarnish, bewilder”, O.E. drēfan “ agitate, tarnish “ (identical meaning-Verh. as between Gk. ταράσσω and O.N. dreggiar). A nasalized form with Balt u as zero grade vowel of a dissyllabic basis (caused by a limited nasal m?) seems Lith. *drumb- in Lith. drum̃stas (could stand for *drumpstas) “ residuum “, drumstùs “cloudy”, drumsčiù , drum̃sti “ tarnish “ (Schleifton caused by a heavy group mpst ?).

    References: WP. I 854 f., WH. I 538 f., Schwyzer Gk. I 715.